Best Engineering Stream to Choose

More than ten lakhs student appears for the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) every year. But apart from deciding to make a career in Engineering, it is even more important to decide the Engineering Stream in which one wishes to do his or her specialization.

There can be two ways of choosing your stream, first is by keeping in mind your interest and second is by choosing a stream that pays more. One should debunk the popular myth that the branch which is most popular is the one that pays the most. In the end it all comes down to the hard work that a student can put in his studies and the reputation of a particular institution.

Here we have listed down the popular engineering branches and the things that a student should keep in mind while opting for that branch.

Computer Science Engineering:- If one keeps in mind that he or she has to work in India, then one need to understand the demand of the engineers in the field of services. The service sector in India is currently growing at a tremendous pace and the demand for the software engineers, who can provide technological solutions, is increasing as well. So, one can opt for this stream, but only if when has a grasp over coding. One should also remember that the demand of the software engineers is not going to stay forever.

There is a salary offered to the graduates from CSE stream, that ranges from 2.4 LPA to 8.5 LPA, by different MNCs. The giants like Facebook and Google, offer a salary package of approximately 1 crore for the graduates of IITs.

Mechanical Engineering:- This is one of the core branches and requires heavy- metal and robust work. This sector is forever growing in India and the all the industries that require heavy metal work employ the mechanical engineering graduates. The railways, metros, shipyard industry is growing and automobile industries will keep on growing. So, there is plenty of scope for the engineering graduates to secure a good job in this sector.

The annual salary of a mechanical engineer ranges from 1.8 LPA to 5 LPA.

Civil Engineering:- This is again counted as the core branch and is since the earlier times, civil engineers were considered to be the best engineers. They helped in building the infra structure if the nation in the forms of roads, bridges, dams, ports etc. the demand for the civil engineers tempered down, but now a days the demand has again increased due to the demand in the infrastructure development. The site engineers, architectures etc are back in the market.

The annual salary given to a civil engineer by the various construction companies varies for 3 LPA to 5 LPA.

Electrical Engineering:- This is the oldest of all the core branches and even the IT sector employs various Electrical Engineering graduates. They are employed in the sectors where heavy metal work is to be done. The salary for an electrical engineer varies from 1.8 LPA to 4.5 LPA.

Electronics and Communication Engineering:- This is the culmination of the core electrical branch and the communication branch. With the ever increasing demand in improving the mode of communication, this branch is popular now days. The students are taught the coding subjects along with the electronics subjects requiring the designing of the TVs, phones, mobile networks etc.

The salary of an ECE Engineer varies from 1.5 LPA to 3.5 LPA.

There are many other branches that comprise of combination of various branches like the electronics and instrumentation or aeronautical engineering or chemical engineering.

Students should keep in mind that while choosing their branch, they should have a long term vision and not restrict themselves to the branches that are popular during a particular time, so as to have the long term and maximum benefits out of their education.

Teachers Day Celebration in KIIT Gurgaon

This year Teachers’ Day celebration at KIIT College of Education was not a usual occasion. It was a spontaneous initiative taken by all the 2^nd year B. Ed. Students led by Ms Sagarika Sircar who not only meticulously created and planned the programme and named it "Kritagyata" but also expressed their grateful feelings by having individual gift presentations to their teachers. In this they took First year B. Ed. and senior M. Ed. students along as a  nice friendly gesture.

All the students - teachers on their own decided to take oath to imbibe within themselves best of traditions and attributes of great teachers.

Teachers Day

Self made speeches, poems, dance-drama and collective determination to be competent and committed teachers as well as cutting of Cake marked the occasion. Director Prof. M. Sen Gupta gave an illustrated presentation on attributes of a ‘Complete Teacher’. He described Teaching as the ‘Soul to Soul Exchange of Ideas’. Faculty members very much appreciated the initiative and leadership role shown by the students.

Campus Recruitment in KIIT Group of Colleges

KIIT Group of Colleges invited RIVIGO to hold Campus recruitment in our Campus. The Company offered position of “Team Leader Branch” for B.Tech students at a salary package of 3.5 L + HRA. KIIT Group of Colleges invited RIVIGO for Campus recruitment. Around 250 students from more than 30 colleges came from different cities/states to participate and appear for the Assessment Test.Two students from KIIT College of Engineering,Sohna Road, Gurgaon  and one each from Guru Tegbahadur Institute HVRITM, SRMS, Bareilly, Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology, Northern India Engg, college and LPU, Punjab, were declared successful.

 There was an overwhelming response given by different colleges and students. Around 250 students from more than 30 colleges came from different cities/states to participate and appear for the Assessment Test.

Campus Recruitment

Two students from KIIT College of Engineering,Sohna Road, Gurgaon  and one each from Guru Tegbahadur Institute HVRITM, SRMS, Bareilly, Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology, Northern India Engg, college and LPU, Punjab, were declared successful.

TPO Thanked the Directors, Deans, Principals and TPOs for encouragement of their students for participation.

Independence Day& International Youth Day Celebration in KIIT Gurgaon

KIIT College of Education Gurgaon organized the Thematic Assembly on Independence Day and International Youth Day on 12^th August 2016. Students of B.Ed programme presented articles, speech and recite poems both in English and Hindi. The students had put all their round-the-clock efforts in preparation for this cultural programme. Virenchi Arora and Joginder Singh presented speech on Independence day. Rajender Singh, Teena Verma and Chanderkanta expressed their views through poems. The efforts of the students were appreciated by Director Prof.(Dr.)M.Sen.Gupta Sir and he also  expressed his views about youth of today. Assembly was accompanied with prayer, thought, news and National Anthem. All the faculty members encouraged their participation.

Faculty Development Program - Kamrah Institute of Information Technology

 “Having happy employees is the key to a viable and booming organization”

With this motto KIIT organized ‘Faculty Development Programs’. These FDPs were conducted to boost employees’ morale and efficiency. It included various sessions such as Zumba, CrossFit, Aerobics, Yoga, Power Yoga, Meditation, and other fun activities.

                   

Faculty Development Programs in KIIT

Today, we concluded this session by organizing two activities namely ‘Zumba Dance’ and ‘Musical Four Corners’. First activity was a ‘fun workout’ that included various dance moves. Second part was a fun game. In this activity, four corners were marked. Employees were asked to dance on music and as the music stops they had to reach a corner that they relate most to. Once everyone took their place, a card was picked up from a bowl and whichever card was picked up all those players had to do a dare. All the employees had thoroughly enjoyed and liked the programs.

Special thanks to KIIT and Mrs. Neelima Kamrah for organizing such wonderful and enthusiastic programs for employees. Indeed, these programs were a great step towards creating an emotional connection between the KIIT and its employees. 

Industrial Visit To NETWORK BULLS By KIIT Gurgaon

The KIIT College of Engineering organised an Industrial visit to Network Bulls, Gurgaon for 2^nd and 3^rd year Computer science engineering students.  Networks Bulls is a training organisation which gives guidance & training in the field of networking. It also has world’s largest laboratories open 24x7 to allow access to various networking divisions.

A total of 53 students along with Computer Science HOD, Dr. Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Training & Placement Officer, Mr. Suresh Kumar Mehta & Assistant Professor, Mrs. Santha Devi, visited the organisation & were welcomed by the Network Bulls members.  They were taken into a teaching session by Mr. Damanpreet Singh, working as a training professor in Networking Bulls. The students were taught with the help of PPT. Starting with the basics, Mr. Damanpreet Singh went on to make everyone identify the difference between various network devices & their uses. This entertaining yet informative session attracted everyone & students enjoyed his way of teaching thoroughly.  After an hour of teaching, the students were taken to the labs to get familiar with the environment where they were showed the devices in hand. After a little break, the students got information about the devices & were taken to labs to see & understand the working of these devices.  After the visit, the students were able to identify and tell the differences between various devices.  Also they gained knowledge which will help them in the near future. 

INDUSTRIAL VISIT TO "NETWORK BULLS"

Overall, the theory & Practical sessions were very informative & excellent.  The students thoroughly enjoyed the teachings & were seen to have a keen interest developed in the networking area.

The students of Computer Science department hope to see more such industrial visit in the coming year.

Inter College Competition At Drona College Of Education Gurgaon

An Inter College Competition was held on 29 February, 2016 at Drona College Of Education, Basai Road, Gurgaon (Haryana). Our students participated in various competitions -

• Rangoli Making
• Fresh flower arrangement
• Dry Flower arrangement
• Folder Making
• Teaching working Models (Maths, S.St and Hindi)
• Solo Dance (Folk)

Inter College Competition

Total 10 teams from various colleges of Education participated in events. All the teams showed their creative work and mesmerized everyone with their innovative ideas. All the judges admitted that judging the competition was really difficult because there were so many excellent performances. Parul Ragha B.Ed student got First prize in Fresh flower arrangement, Sagarika got Third Prize in Mathematics Teaching Model and second prize was bagged by Hemlata for Hindi working model. All Participants also received participating certificates. Our contingent In-charge Ms. Kanchan Khatreja also received a memento by drone College of Education It was really a cut throat competition in which students did hard work to compete with each other. It was really a learning experience for our students.

Report on Educational Trip to IIM, Rohtak

National Seminar on" Mentoring Aspiring Entrepreneurs For International Business" was held at Radhakrishnan Auditorium, MDU, Rohtak on 16th Feb,2016, jointly organized by IIM, Rohtak and Institute of Management Studies And Research, MDU, Rohtak. Our four management students (two from MBA -4 and 2 from MBA-2) participated in the seminar. It was quite an educative and learning experience for management students.

Faculty member of IIM, Rohtak Dr. Suresh Takhar delivered the welcome address, and threw light on the theme of the seminar. Director, IMSAR Prof Neelam Jain also spoke on the occasion and said the management graduates must try to become job-creators rather than job-seekers.

Entrepreneurship requires creative ideas, deep commitment, futuristic vision, innovation, adaptability and marketing skills. Need of hour is to develop professionalism in entrepreneurship endeavour and work with strategic approach to achieve success at international business level. This was stated by Dr. Amiya Chamdra, Joint Director General( Foreign Trade), Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India in the National Seminar.

KIIT Educational Trip to IIM

Delivering the key note address in the national seminar, Dr. Amiya Chandra said that future of International trade is tilting towards regional sectors. As such, budding entrepreneurs must look forward to start ups and ventures in regional sectors. He emphasized the importance of innovative and quality products and especially developing zero-defect products of International Standards. Dr. Amiya chandra underscored the significance of niche market strategy, and out of box thinking in entrepreneurial ventures. 

Guest of Honour Dr. Damodar Y Golhar from Western Michigan University(USA) focused on developing quality world-class education system that would form the foundation for entrepreneurship in india. He called for robust academic industry interface in this regard.

MDU vice-chancellor Prof. B.K. Punia said in his address that International Business environment is very dynamic and provides a platform for entrepreneurial endeavor. 

Director, IIM, Rohtak. Prof Atanu Rakshit said the setting up of incubation centers for entreprenership in India is need of the hour. He said IITs and IIMs must collaborate to set up technical incubation centres. He also throw light on role of educational institutions in nation building.

Assistant Professor, IMSAR, Dr. Ramphul expressed the vote of thanks and summarized the essence of the National Seminar. Key note speaker Dr. Amiya Chandra interacted with the students and answered their queries about entrepreneurship.

Dr. Anupriya Sharma

Assistant Professor, KIIT, Gurgaon.

Trip-Organizer

Report on Udyami-2016

The student delegates from Punjab University, acquainted us with their coming National-Level Entrepreneurship submit, UDYAMI-2016 on 18^th February,2016. H.O.D, Mr. Kartikay Sharma welcomed all the delegates. Then session proceeded with opening lecture from Mr. Harsh Bijoria by explaining the partly understood concept of start-ups and entrepreneurship. The risk involved and the benefits reaped by the entrepreneurs in their journey of building a multi-national firm from a humble start-up , were explained in detail. They encouraged the students to be an entrepreneur. 

KIIT Gurgaon

 

The lead speaker, Mr. Harsh Bajoria, along with Mr. Aditya , Mr. Stanley and Mr. Vaibhav explained us about all the events which will be organised in UDYAMI-2016. It appears to be very happening event full of workshops, panel discussions and interactive sessions with handsome prize money.

Our students listened to them with great interest and asked various queries regarding start-ups concept, process , investment required, risk involved, Udyami, etc.

The lecture ended with vote of thanks by Mrs. Reeta Saxena.

Dr. Anupriya Sharma

Team Member

Skill and Entrepreneurship committee

Career Opportunities For Brightening Future

we live in the era of technology and knowledge where everyone is conscious about their careers. The youngsters are always in search for specialized courses to make their career bright. The demand of professional courses have been raised continuously in recent decade because job opportunities associated with engineering and management courses are increasing. This helps students to get excellently trained to face any workplace.

Professional courses help in career growth and makes students aware about the latest technologies to grab current opportunities. There are various courses that students can opt to build their shining career. Some of them are as follows:-

B.Tech - Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) are 4 years (8 semesters) courses. Students who have interest in technical fields can take these courses after 12th grade. Such courses have different branches such as Computer, Civil, Mechanical, Electronic, Aeronautical Engineering etc. one who undergo these courses can switch their career towards multiple sectors and get a chance to be a part of a renowned group of organization.

M.Tech – A Master of Engineering degree (M.Tech) is 2 years (4 semesters) postgraduate degree programme. One have to qualify in B.Tech, B.E, M.Sc. degree to pursue M.Tech course. No doubt, education plays an important role in gaining success in life. This degree helps you to lend for more well-paid jobs which are quite hard on the basis of B.Tech Degree. Of Course, a candidate with higher qualification will be given more preference.

BCA - Bachelor Of Computer Applications (BCA) is undergraduate course of 3 years (6 semesters) after 12th class. For the candidates who want to pursue BCA degree Mathematics must be a compulsory subject in 12^th standard. This programme helps students to make their career as System Designers, Programmers, System Analysts, Systems Engineering, Database Administration, Computer Networking, Data Mining, Warehousing or any field of information technology.

BBA -The Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) is a bachelor degree of three years (6 semesters) in business and management principles. Through BBA programs, one have a chance to opt a job in management and administrative roles within a reputed firm serving various positions like - Operations Manager, Information Security Officer, Sales Manager, Cost Estimator and many more at high salaries.

MBA - The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is 2 years (4 semesters) course. The students who are willing to build careers in business and management can pursue MBA degree after graduation. MBA courses are further divided into Human Resource, Marketing Management, IT Management, Health Management, Retail Management and so on. One can get trained in decision making & problem solving after finishing this degree and get a job opportunity in a well-reputed companies.

With many options available in professional courses, students can choose the suitable one depending upon their interests.

Engineering and management courses have most rewarding careers in Delhi NCR now a days. Now the question arises, which Top engineering colleges of Delhi NCR are better to take admission and go ahead to build a successful career.

There are various well-recognized NCR College of Engineering and management, such as Kamrah Institute of Information Technology, Delhi Institute of Tool Engineering, National Institute of Technology, HMR Institute of Technology & Management, Northern India Engineering College etc. One can choose best college as per their course and investment.

Importance Of Education

Education is an important aspect of student life, a necessity of society and sign of freedom. Education is that, which helps a person to live a better life to show their best by their mind and spirit. It plays a vital role in achieving success and personal growth . The more knowledge we have , the more we grow and develop in life.

Education does not means only to study, get degree with good marks and good salary from the reputed organization . It really means to explore new things which helps to increase knowledge in many fields. An educated person has the ability to express their views clearly and have the capability to differentiate between right and wrong.

The main purpose of getting good education is to become a good citizen for sustaining a successful professional and personal life. Education makes a person right thinker and correct decision maker. It is only the education which helps to make one aware about the social issues of society like corruption, terrorism etc.

Education helps to achieve self-confidence in oneself. Self-confidence helps us in passing all the difficulties that come on the way in fulfilling our aim and makes us capable of communicating with others in a better way. An educated person understand each and everything rather than blindly trust anyone thereby spreading awareness everywhere helping the nation to clear out the darkness with the light of knowledge.

The education is the key for human beings to move up in the world, getting better goals and ultimately succeeding in life. So, Education is necessity of life and no one should be deprived of it.

 There are a lot of organizations to get education, one of the best thing that must be kept in mind is to choose a college which is recognized and reputed. College education inculcates good knowledge opening the world of opportunities. If anyone is searching for best college in Delhi NCR to get quality education that will help in personal & professional grooming introducing strong professionalism, then make a list of all the NCR colleges and do a proper research about their education services offered by them.

Diwali Fest 2015 Celebration By Best Management College

Diwali fest was organized by School Enterprise Challenge 2015 team with great pomp and show at KIIT - Best management college India. Various handmade and creative decorated products were exhibited by the students of our business team. Our business Creative Arts collection contained various items like decorative pots, decorated diyas and gel candles, glass candles, quilled keyrings, earrings, bookmarks and earthen decorated plates. All the students of KIIT GROUP of colleges were the part of his fest. They enjoyed various delicious and mouth watering foods like bhelpuri, coconut water, water balls, dhokla, kachori and Bengali sweets of different stalls. The programme was graced by guests, Chairman Sir, Registrar, Director General, Director, P.R.O, Principal College of Engineering and Management and all faculty members of KIIT GROUP OF COLLEGES. Main attraction of this fest was cultural folk dances. Students’ creativity and management was highly appreciated by all. Sale of various stalls on this occasion was around 50,700 Indian Rupees. It was really a wonderful fest everyone enjoyed a lot.

Diwali Fest 2015 Celebration - KIIT

Workshop Conducted by KIIT College On C Programming

Computer Science Department of KIIT College of Engineering conducted a workshop on Developing Computer Skills and Problem Solving Skills using C Programming on 31^st October 2015 for B. Tech (CSE) first year students in Smart Class Room No. 344 and Computer Lab. The workshop was started with a welcome address by Dr. Sudhir Kumar Sharma, HOD of  CSE department of  engineering college of Delhi NCR  KIIT .

The first session of the workshop on developing computer skills was conducted by Mr Subodh Kumar (ethical expert) and Mr. Jaideep Bist (Alumni of KIIT) on developing computer skills. The first session of the workshop from 9:15 am to 12:30 pm provided knowledge about the list of tricks to handle virus, how to run android apps on windows, various shortcuts and virus coding in notepad. Moreover the workshop enlightened some latest Android codes and hacking experiences.

 Developing Computer Skills and Problem Solving Skills using C Programming

The second session of the workshop on developing Problem Solving Skills using C Programming from 1:15 pm to 3:45 p pm was conducted by Dr. Sudhir Kumar Sharma. He explained the importance of algorithm for solving computational problem. He explained the concept of structured C programming. Dr. Sharma demonstrated how to draw the basic building blocks of computer graphics like line, circle, rectangle, ellipse, arch and sector using C programming. All participants have explored the computer graphics part in Computers Lab No. 342. The practical session was conducted by Mrs. Santha Devi and Mrs. Shilpa Bahl. It was a great success with the participation of 36 students from B. Tech (CSE) –first year students. 

Seminar On IC Designing By NCR College of Engineering

A seminar Conducted by ECE department of Top engineering colleges of Delhi NCR - KIIT College on “ IC Designing” on 19^th October 2015 at LIVE WIRE,Cadd. Centre, Gurgaon. There are 30 participants including faculty members and students of ECE department. Mr. Umesh speaks and give information about VLSI & IC Designing.

IC Designing Seminar by ECE Department of KIIT

Highlights of Seminar :- 

1. Introduction of VLSI & IC Designing

2. Job prospects in the field of VLSI

3. Video demonstration of “ROLL TOP, EYE GAZER & IC Fabrication techniques”.

Workshop On Android APP Development - KIIT

In Gurgaon, there are many institutes providing engineering courses, but out of all Kamrah Institute of Information Technology (KIIT) is Top Engineering college in Delhi NCR. In KIIT college fests, Cultural and Technical events etc. are held time to time.

Now, on the occasion of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam’s 79^th birthday as recognized World Students’ Day. Department of Computer Science & Engineering is organizing a workshop on “Android App Development” on 15^th October, 2015 from 1:30 pm to 4:00 pm in Computer Lab (Room 555) by Mr. Amit Kataria and Team from MADRID SOFTWARE TRAINING SOLUTIONS.  

All the students of B.Tech (CSE)-VII Sem, B.Tech (CSE)-V Sem and B.Tech (CSE)-III Sem are hereby informed that this is a highly beneficial opportunity for students for professional development and placement.

You all are requested to attend the same.

Android APP Development - KIIT NCR COllege

Workshop on Active and Passive Components Identification & Testing - KIIT

A workshop on “Active and Passive Components Identification & Testing” was organised in ECE/EEE department of Top engineering colleges of Delhi NCR on 7^th September 2015 by Dr. Kanika, Mr. Jagmehender & Mr.Amit , faculty of ECE department.

For PCB designing and electronics circuit designing, the component identification and testing is essential parameters. Without components specifications, no design can be implemented. The highlights of the workshop are:-

1. Provide knowledge of active and passive components.

2. Explain the working of the components and fault detection.

3. Provide detail knowledge of components like diode, transistors, MOSFET, OPAMP and ICs.

4. Provide steps of PCB designing on software.

Such type of workshops enhances knowledge & provides hand on experience. This workshop is very beneficial and such workshop should be organised in future.

NCR College of  Engineering

Campus Recruitment in KIIT By M/s PIOUS ENERGY

M/s Pious Solar Pvt. Ltd. Invited for selection of B.Tech-EEE/ECE VII Semester Interns in KIIT  - DELHI NCR College Campus on 10th October, 2015. Following Delegates visited the campus:-

1.Mr. Raj Singh Verma - Chairman & Mentor

2.Mr. Pawan Verma - Director

Dr. Kanika Kaur briefed the students and gave some tips.

Program started with welcome address by Prof.( Dr.) H.S.Saxena, Dean - Academics.

Suresh Mehta, TPO, requested Mr. Pawan Verma to address the students and do the presentation on the organization and job description.

All students were interviewed by the delegates and Dr. Kanika Kaur and Suresh Kumar Mehta managed the same. Prof.( Dr.) S.K. Aggarwal and Principal thanks the delegates and gave a gift as a token of appreciation. 

Results were announced by Mr. Pawan Verma. The shortlisted students will have to face another interview in the company office in Gurgaon /through skype.

No of students Attended: 29

No of students shortlisted: 7

Sunny Soni, Nitesh Kumar Jha, Basant Mallick, Mohak Kaushik, Sakshi Nagpal, Aman Wadhawan, Srinatha Mishra are shortlisted students. 

The students identified for Project Work are Sneha Kumari, Kriti Bhardwaj, Purva Khetrapal, Neha Chaudhary, Mohak Kaushik, Nishu Kumar, Rauniyar, Srinath Mishra.

Program ended with a group Photograph.

Campus Recruitment - KIIT NCR College

Candle and Diya Making Workshop By NCR College - KIIT

Workshop on Candle Making was organized on 6th Oct’15 by KIIT College of Education. The focus of the workshop was to create a platform for the students to exhibit their creative and practical skills. The workshop was undertaken by a number of students of B.Ed. They prepared candles from hard wax and cold wax and decorated candles and diyas using wide variety of decorative items like colors, mirrors, beads, sparkles, toy, small colorful stones and rangoli color etc. The workshop held by top DELHI NCR College  KIIT also helped students to enhance their skills by learning new decorating skills exhibited by other students participating in the activity. Feedback in form of appreciation / suggestions / remarks was given to each participant.

Thematic Assembly - KIIT Gurgaon

KIIT College of Education celebrated Gandhi Jayanti , Birthday of Pt. Lal Bahadur Shastri and International Day of Older Person.

B.Ed. students Sagarika, Parul, Virenchi, Neha Tyagi of DELHI NCR College - KIIT delivered a speech on life history and philosophy of Gandhi Ji and Lal Bahadur Shastri. They also presented Poems and Speech. Students also focus on the importance of elders in our life. Then a group of students presented a Bhajan “Sabrmati ke sant ….” and enthralled the audience.

NCR college of engineering

                                                   NCR college of engineering 

Best Out Of Waste Activity - KIIT College Of Education

Best Out of waste Activity was organized on 1st Oct ’15 by NCR college - KIIT. The focus of the activity was to create a platform for the students to exhibit their creative skills. The activity was undertaken by a number of students of B.Ed. They prepared different items like Wall hangings, photo frames, baskets, pots, flowers, candles etc. They decorated and prepared these items using wide variety of decorative items like color paper, velvet, ribbon, mirrors, newspaper, bangles etc. The activity also helped students to enhance their skills by learning new decorating skills exhibited by other students participating in the activity. Feedback in form of appreciation / suggestions / remarks was given to each participant.